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Blog Diagram Of Computer
A computer System is defined as a set of interacting
elements, responding to inputs so as to produce outputs.The computer system
also consist of the following elements.
Hardware
💢 C.P.U (Central Processing Unit)
💢 Input Devices
💢 Output Devices
💢 Storage Devices
Software
💢 System Software
💢 Application Software
💢 Utility Software
Humanware
💢 Trained Computer Professionals
Hardware:- Hardware
refers to all the physical parts and components of the computer.
💢 Central Processing Unit :– The
Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Microprocessor is the heart of the computer,
where all the processing of the data is carried out. The data and instructions
that are entered into the computer system are fed into the CPU before the final
results are displayed on the Output Unit. The CPU stores the data and
instructions, does all the calculations and problem solving, and also controls
the functions of all other units.
The components of the CPU are as follows:
(1) Memory Unit orStorage Unit
(2) Arithmetic & Logical
Unit(ALU)
(3) Control Unit
(1) Memory
Unit or Storage Unit :– The data and instructions that are entered into
the computer system through input units have to be stored inside the computer
before the actual processing starts. Similarly, the results produced by the
computer after processing must also be kept somewhere inside the computer
system before being passed on to the output units. It provides space for
storing data and instructions, space for intermediate results, and also space
forthe final results. In short,the specific functions ofthe storage unit are
hold (store):
1. All the data to be processed and the instructions
required for processing (received from input devices).
2. Intermediate results of processing.
3. Final result of processing these results are released to
an output device.
(2)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (A.L.U) :– This unit performs all the
basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division and also logical operations such as comparison of numbers etc. The ALU
is responsible for actual execution of instructions during processing
operation. The data and instructions that are stored in memory unit are
transferred into ALU for processing when needed and transferred back to memory
when processing is over. After the completion of processing, the final results
are stored in memory before sent to the output unit. ALU also consist a number
of small storage locations termed as registers. This register is of very small
capacity and contains the data and instructions which are to be executed next.
Following are the main functions of ALU :– (1) It operates
on data available in main memory.
(2) It caries out all arithmetic operations like addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division.
(3) It caries out all logic operations like comparison,
selection and merging of data
(4) After processing the data, it sends back the processed
data to main memory.
(3)
Control Unit:– The control Unit in every computeris the supervising
element. It does not perform any processing but acts as a central control
system for all other components of a computer system. This unit maintains the
exact sequence in which the instructions are to be executed and directs the
operations of the entire computer system. It co-ordinates all the activities of
various elements of computer system skill. It is termed as heart of computer as
in controls all hardware operation.
Functions of Control Unit are :–
(1) It gives command to transfer data from the input device
to memory and from memory to arithmetic&Logical Unit.
(2) It transfers the results from memory to Output Unit.
(3) It stores the program in memory, takes instruction one
by one, interprets them and issue appropriate signals to the other units of
computer to the other units of computer to execute them.
INPUT DEVICES: - In
a computerized system, before any processing takes place, the data and
instructions must be fed. This is achieved through the Input Devices, which
provide a communication medium between the user and the machine. The most common
of Input devices keyboard, which resembles a typewriter. The help of a
keyboard, the user types data and instruction. The other commonly Input devices
are mouse, magnetic ink character reader, magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical
mark reader and optical characterreader.
Input devices are divided into two categories
1) Text Input Devices
2) Cursor Control Devices
• In text input devices the mainly used keyboard.
• Cursor control devices are mouse, joystick, scanner etc.
In brief, the following functions are performed by the input unit:-
• It accepts (reads) data from user.
• It converts the instructions and data into computer
acceptable form.
• It passes the converted instructions and data to the
computer for processing.
Output Devices :- When
Processing is complete in the CPU, the information produced is stored in the
Memory in a computer understandable format. This information has to be
transcribed into a form that can be read by the user, which is achieved by
Output Devices. The most commonly used Output Devices are VDU (Visual Display
Unit), Printer, Plotter etc. There are two types of outputs produced by these
devices:
(1) Hard Copy
(2) Soft Copy Hard Copy: - An output produced on a printer
or a plotter.
Soft Copy:-An output on the VDU or stored on magnetic media
(Disks and Tapes). In brief, the functions of the Output units are:-
• To accept the results processed by CPU which is in coded
form?
• To convert coded results to human acceptable form.
• To produce the
results to users.
Storage Devices :- As
we aware, that whenever data or instruction is fed to the computer, it is
stored within it. Computers store data, instruction and the output of a process
in a storage device. Storage devices are categorized as:
• Primary Storage Devices
• Secondary Storage Devices
Primary
Storage Devices:- Primary storage device often referred to as the main
memory is the work area within the computer, where the data and instructions
are stored. These devices are made up of Capacitors, Transistors and Silicon
Chips. This makes access of data and instructions from these devices very
efficient.
The different kind of primary storage devices available are
listed below:
• RAM (RandomAccess Memory)
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
Secondary Storage Devices
Software
:– The non-tangible components of the computer
system are referred as Software.
Humanware :– The
personnel involved in using and maintaining the computer system form the Humanware.
They are the trained computer professionals and can be a
• Hardware Engineer: Who takes care of the
various components of the computer.
• Software Engineer: Who manages and handles
the software loaded onto the
• Programmer: Who designs various types of the
software required to work on the computer.
• User: Who is the actual user of the
computer.
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